In experiments, you manipulate independent variables directly to see how they affect your dependent variable. Subject variables cannot be manipulated by researchers, but they can be used to group research subjects categorically.Experimental independent variables can be directly manipulated by researchers.There are two main types of independent variables. These terms are especially used in statistics, where you estimate the extent to which an independent variable change can explain or predict changes in the dependent variable.ĭiscover proofreading & editing Types of independent variables Right-hand-side variables (they appear on the right-hand side of a regression equation).Predictor variables (they can be used to predict the value of a dependent variable).Explanatory variables (they explain an event or outcome).It’s called “independent” because it’s not influenced by any other variables in the study. Frequently asked questions about independent and dependent variablesĪn independent variable is the variable you manipulate or vary in an experimental study to explore its effects.Visualizing independent and dependent variables.Independent and dependent variables in research.You measure the math skills of all participants using a standardized test and check whether they differ based on room temperature. Your dependent variable is math test scores. You vary the room temperature by making it cooler for half the participants, and warmer for the other half. Your independent variable is the temperature of the room. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.Įxample: Independent and dependent variablesYou design a study to test whether changes in room temperature have an effect on math test scores. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. The independent variable is the cause.Researchers often manipulate or measure independent and dependent variables in studies to test cause-and-effect relationships. In research, variables are any characteristics that can take on different values, such as height, age, temperature, or test scores. Dependent Variables | Definition & Examples
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